Living in Arizona provides the opportunity for amazing outdoor recreation and year-round sunshine. Because of this year-round sunshine and high UV index, Arizona is one of the top states for skin cancer risk.
Frequently, cancerous or pre-cancerous lesions are discovered on the face, shoulders, back and arms. It is important to note that careful examination for cancerous lesions should also include the skin on your legs and feet. This also should include your toenails.
Legendary musician Bob Marley passed away from an aggressive type of skin cancer called acral lentiginous melanoma. He noticed a dark spot on one of his toenails and incorrectly assumed it was from a soccer injury. If properly treated, he could still be with us today, providing us with great music. Understanding how to detect and confirm malignant skin lesions is crucial for early intervention and treatment.
When it comes to skin cancer, you are better safe than sorry if you are concerned about any spots on your skin. Self-screening for skin cancer can be done on your own to help you determine if you need assessment by a physician. The ABCDE rule is a simple and effective way to screen for potential melanoma:
A – Asymmetry: One half of the mole does not match the other.
B – Border: Irregular, scalloped or poorly defined edges.
C – Color: Varying shades of brown, black, or even red, white or blue.
D – Diameter: Larger than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser), though melanomas can be smaller.
E – Evolving: Changes in size, shape or color over time.
For non-melanoma skin cancers, look for persistent red patches, scaly lesions or open sores that do not heal. If you notice any of these warning signs, seek medical attention promptly.
Our physicians at Maricopa Foot and Ankle can provide screening for skin cancer on the lower extremity. If a suspicious lesion is identified, it is important to confirm if it is malignant. To confirm malignancy, a biopsy is required. The collected tissue is examined under a microscope by a pathologist, who determines if cancer cells are present.
In some cases, immunohistochemistry (IHC) or genetic testing may be performed to assess specific markers that can help guide treatment decisions.
Whatever your circumstances for work or recreation are, you are likely to be exposed to high amounts of sunshine and UV radiation. Arizona residents should take proactive steps to reduce their risk for skin cancer. Some of those steps include use of broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen daily, wearing protective clothing and sunglasses, seeking shade during peak sun hours and regular skin checks.
With early detection and prompt medical evaluation, skin cancer is highly treatable. If you have any questions about a lesion on your skin, it is worth investigating. Because of the risk and frequency of skin cancer, it is never a waste of your doctor’s time to examine your skin. Stay vigilant and protect your skin — it’s your best defense against Arizona’s intense sun exposure.
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