Saguaros are the largest cactus in the United States, exceeding 60 feet in height and standing taller than any other plant in their native habitat. They grow in the Sonoran Desert and nowhere else in the world.   

But those desert giants don’t get that big overnight. 

The plant is slow-growing and is considered adult at about 125 years. Their first arms appear at 50 to 70 years, although this could take up to 100 years with lower precipitation. It takes the better part of a century to reach 15 to 16 feet. Its lifespan is 150 to 200 years.  

The plant’s familiar pleats allow it to expand like an accordion as it takes in water and shrink as the water supply decreases.  

Saguaros are protected in Arizona under special laws and harming one is illegal. Moving one requires a special permit.  

A giant in the landscape 

The saguaro is emblematic of our region, and it makes a great focal point or accent in a xeriscape or cactus garden. But bringing one home comes with some considerations.  

Saguaro can be expensive, sometimes priced at $100 per foot in height and can weigh 100 pounds per linear foot. The weight of the plant creates difficulty and hazards in moving and planting it.    

We recommend against mixing saguaro with turf and heavily irrigated landscapes.  Too much water can result in bloating, splitting and rot. A falling saguaro is dangerous to people and property. 

Hardy but not indestructible 

While they make a spectacular focal point in the landscape, there are a few challenges to keep in mind.  

Catastrophic freeze events for saguaro can occur when the minimum temperature falls below 22 degrees for 15 to 20 hours.  

Saguaros are not adapted to fire. The living cactus is not flammable, but it can suffer lethal burns from wildfires. Similarly, although adapted to life in full sun, saguaros can sunburn. The wounding caused by sunburn can provide an entry point for bacteria.   

Young seedling saguaro can be consumed by many kinds of insects, birds and rodents. Gila woodpeckers and cactus wrens peck nesting holes in saguaro stems. The nesting cavity inside the stem will dry and heal with a barky lining called a callus, remaining for the life of the saguaro.  

Bacterial necrosis is associated with most saguaro deaths. The first sign of infection may appear as a discoloration or a rupture leaking a brown, smelly fluid. The disease can progress quickly with complete decomposition occurring in just a few weeks. While there are some treatments and prevention, most saguaros succumb to the disease once it appears. 

Ultimately, the saguaro cactus is more than just a plant; it is the definitive symbol of Arizona. Enjoy the beauty of this majestic giant either in your yard or in its natural setting. 

Wende Gehrt is a Pinal County Master Gardener.